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This paper will focus on recent experiments having 2 primary objectives: demonstrating appropriate formulating with hollow glass microspheres and developing experimental data that directly compared standard SMC to low-density, hollow glass microsphere filled SMC.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate 2 issues involving the use of hollow glass microspheres in sheet molded compound (SMC): 1) demonstrate the value of using volume fraction over weight fraction formulating to evaluate materials with significantly different densities and 2) directly compare physical property data of low density SMC to standard density commercially available SMC. The primary benefit of using hollow glass microspheres in SMC, for the automotive industry, is reducing the weight of SMC parts.

Hollow glass microspheres have been used commercially as a filler to produce low-density SMC parts for many years. These parts are primarily used in specialty applications on low volume vehicle platforms. In the past, experiments have been conducted using hollow glass microspheres as a low-density filler in SMC with mixed results.

The strategy of combining the traditional reinforcement of glass fibers (GF) with lighter hollow glass microspheres can afford to fulfill the need for potential light-weight and high-strength modern materials required in various sectors, such as automotive and aerospace industry applications.

This work fabricated composites of PA6/GF/HGM by melting blending in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, and subsequently, injection molded. The effects of hollow glass microsphere content on the density, morphological and mechanical properties were investigated and the PA6/GF/HGM composites properties were compared to the properties of the traditional PA6/GF (70/30) wt% composite, widely used today in automotive industries.

With the increase of hollow glass microsphere amount in the formulations, a reduction of between 3 and 12% in density was achieved with a slight reduction in its mechanical properties, showing that this new strategy can be applied to replace the PA6/GF (70/30) wt% composite, providing a considerable weight reduction for these materials.

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Glass microspheres have a very important role in production and life. The glass micro -balls are not only light quality, low heat conduction, high strength, and good chemical stability, but also have the performance of hydrocariasis on the surface, which is easy to scattered in the organic material system. So what are the main characteristics of glass microspheres?
Main features of glass microspheres
1. There is a scattering effect on visible spectral range light. The glass material is actually colorless and transparent, but because the glass ball has a scattering effect on the full visible spectral range of the spectral range, it looks white. However, when it is added to the color material, it is also scattered with the light of the material color, so it can be widely used in any material required by the appearance and color without affecting the color of the original material.
2. Lear density. The density of glass microspheres is about one -third of the density of traditional filling particles. After filling, it can greatly reduce the base weight of the product, and the large volume makes it replace a large amount of other raw materials and reduce the cost of the product.
3. It has parental oil. Weting and decentralizing hollow glass microspheres can be filled in most thermal thermoplastic resins, such as polyester, epoxy resin, polyurethane, etc.
4. High decentralization and good liquidity. Because the glass micro -ball is a tiny ball, it is more liquid than the fillers of the liquid resin than the chip, needle, or irregular shape, so the model is excellent. What’s more important is that this small micro -ball is different, so it will not produce disadvantages of inconsistent contraction rates caused by different parts of the orientation, ensuring the size of the product stable and not warpage.
5. Low water absorption. The interior of the glass microsphere is thin gas, so it has the characteristics of sound insulation and heat insulation. It is an excellent fillers for various insulation and sound insulation products. The heat insulation characteristics of glass microspheres can also be used to protect the heat shock caused by alternate changes between the products and the conditions of rapid heat and cold. The high ratio resistance, the extremely low water absorption rate allows it to be widely used in processing and production cable insulation materials.
6. Low oil absorption. The particles of the sphere determine that it has the smallest surface area and low oil absorption rate. During the use process, the amount of resin can be greatly reduced. Even if the amount of high addition is added, the viscosity will not increase much, which greatly improves the production operation conditions. Increase production efficiency by 10%to 20%.

Uniform spherical-shaped microspheres have lower surface area then irregular fillers and extender pigments, which means a lower resin demand. Another benefit to the spherical shape is the ability to roll past one another, hence there is minimal impact on viscosity when they are added to a liquid. As coatings are manufactured on weight basis and sold on volume basis, microspheres are used to increase the solid content of a coating, maintaining application and flow properties. Higher-volume solids reduce VOCs, shrinkage and drying time.

Since hollow glass microspheres lower the density of materials, they are added to coatings. If added in coatings, it will atomize better while spraying and it will give less spatter while rolling also sag less once applied.

One of the most important applications microspheres have been developed for is the Space Shuttle program. When the space shuttle re-enters the earth’s atmosphere, incredible heat is generated due to increasing air friction. In order to prevent the space shuttle from burning up during re-entry, NASA scientists developed a superior insulating material using Ceramic technology. This technology can now be applied to roofs and sidewalls of buildings, piping, ducts, tanks, various storage devices, refrigerated containers, cold rooms, etc. in order to insulate them from the radiant heat of the sun and the atmosphere by using hollow ceramic spheres.

Stagnant air is a bad conductor of heat because heat is transferred by convection currents. Stagnant air inside hollow glass microspheres acts as an insulator for heat and hence can be used as heat insulating material in coatings. This characteristic of hollow glass microspheres allows improved thermal and acoustic insulation properties of coatings or composites. Currently, markets taking advantage of this property include fire retardant materials, sensitive acoustic equipment, and roof coatings.

The element hydrogen is the most commonly found element in the universe. However, hydrogen molecules (H2) are not readily available. As such, it is an energy carrier as opposed to a fuel. It can be used in various mobile applications such as (1) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell for transportation systems or mobile devices (e.g., laptops and cell phones) where it catalytically reacts with oxygen to produce water and electricity, (2) in internal combustion engines for surface transportation where it can be mixed with liquid fuel, or (3) in rocket propulsion [3]. Akunets et al.

Also suggested using a mixture of liquid oxygen and hydrogen in polymer microballoons for jet engine fuel. Hydrogen storage for such mobile applications is arguably one of the main technological challenges for a viable hydrogen economy.

This chapter focuses on hydrogen storage in hollow glass microspheres or microcapsules in general. First, various power sources and fuels for mobile applications are compared based on their energy densities. Then, competing hydrogen storage technologies are reviewed. Moreover, principles, design parameters, material considerations, and performances associated with hydrogen storage in hollow glass microspheres are discuss

With the addition of hollow glass microsphere, tensile strength and modulus increased at varying percentage volume fractions, highest tensile strength was at EPT60-5 (66.7 MPa), which is an increase of about 65% compared to the neat epoxy resin and highest tensile modulus at EPT60-4 (4.5 GPa).

Where tensile strength of the Polypropylene increased upon the inclusion of hollow glass microsphere as a result of improved inter-facial adhesion with the matrix before it declined at EPT60-6 due to increased void content caused by the agglomeration and reduced resin content resulting in low bonding and load transfer stability between the filler and the resin. The interfacial strength between the microsphere and the matrix is very important for the syntactic foam composites as it affects its overall tensile strength.

Although, some previous studies reported a decline in the tensile strength by 60-80% as compared to neat epoxy. They stated that the increase in hollow glass microsphere volume fraction reduced the tensile strength because as the volume fraction of the epoxy resin in the material decreased, the strength of the composites also decreased due to higher range of microballoons in the composites structure.

The impact of micro -pearl powder in the plating fluid on chemical silver plating
In order to eliminate the single -quality silver in the middle of the powder, the amount of plating powder is used to reduce the silver content in the plating powder. Figure 6 shows the overall powder of 20%of the AG content and the surface shape of a single powder. Compared with Figure 6 (a) and 4, it can be seen that with the increase of the amount of powder coverage, the single silver from the pink decrease significantly. This is because the larger the loading capacity, the larger the surface area, the more the core of the silver nucleus, which reduces the appearance of silver single. From Figure 6 (b), it can be seen that except for a few silver particles on the surface of the powder, the size is basically about 50 nm, which is related to the increase in the surface area of ​​the powder and the increase in the area of ​​silver -shaped nuclei, which is related to the increase in the number of cores. Because in the same amount of silver analysis, the larger the number of silver cores, the shorter the core of the core, and the result is reduced to the silver particle size plated on the surface.
in conclusion

The chemical silver plating of hollow glass microspheres is prepared to prepare the hollow glass micro beaded powder with a dense and continuous coating layer. The thickness of the coating layer is about 50 nm. Energy characteristics. At the same time, the effect of chemical silver -plated process parameters on the silver -plated silver plating of hollow glass, and found that:
1. By increasing the content of NAOH in the plating solution. Increasing the P field value of the plating liquid can increase the amount of silver analysis in the plating solution, the coating of the micro -bead surface is more dense and continuous, but there is a single -quality silver with free states;
2. Stabilizer can improve the self -decomposition of the plating fluid, but it has little effect on the uniformity and thickness of the coating of the microfin surface. On the contrary, when the amount of stabilizer is too large, it will also cause the unevenness and denseness of the surface covering layer;
3. By adjusting the loading capacity of the hollow glass microsphere, it can adjust the particle size of the surface of the silver particles, control the thickness of the silver -plated layer, and increase the loading capacity at the same time, which can also reduce the phenomenon of self -decomposition.

Now, hollow glass glass microspheres are widely used in aerospace, 5G communications, military marine, lightweight vehicles, energy-conservative building, oilfield cementing, rubber and plastic elastomers, and many other fields.

In 5G communications, hollow glass microspheres can help improve the transmittance due to their hollow glass material with a low dielectric constant of 1.0~2.0. It can be used to make 5G base station and radome materials, 5G mobile phone frame and backplane, Internet of things equipment, etc.

In rubber, elastomer, and lightweight vehicles, hollow glass microspheres have a good role in reducing the specific gravity, rubber plastic, and other composite materials can reduce weight by 8%~10%. In addition, hollow glass microspheres can also effectively improve the processing performance of materials, increase rigidity and resilience, improve the material heat insulation, sound insulation, noise reduction, flame retardant, and a series of special functions, widely used in shoes, elastic pillows, car shell, special parts, and other products.

In the coating industry, the micron particle size of hollow glass microspheres and hollow microspheres effect give the paint a better heat insulation effect. Therefore, it could be used for military and aerospace equipment, oil pipeline, oil tank, communication base stations, large storage silos, etc.

As an anti-corrosion coating, the addition of hollow beads makes the product has more excellent anti-fouling, anti-corrosion, anti-ultraviolet, anti-yellowing, and anti-scratch effect, so it can be used for weatherproof sunscreen and heat insulation outdoor coatings, automotive coatings, anti-fouling coatings, anti-corrosion coatings, etc.

In the adhesive industry, the addition of hollow beads can reduce the density of the adhesive, reduce the volume cost, improve the rheological properties of the adhesive, improve the thixotropy and chemical corrosion resistance, and give the product better sound insulation, heat insulation, low thermal conductivity, and dielectric properties, more excellent anti-warping, anti-cracking properties. Hollow beads are widely used in silicone, epoxy resin, acrylic acid, polyurethane, synthetic rubber, and other adhesives.

Highly versatile and highly powerful, TheraSphere has been proven at downsizing and destroying tumors* in patients with HCC.1 The treatment consists of precisely formulated hollow glass microspheres, infused with high-dose Y-90, delivered with targeted accuracy into HCC tumors improving tumor* response and longer overall patient survival.

Highly Powerful Y-90 Radiation Embedded Within Each Hollow Glass Microsphere.

Arrives in a custom sealed source vial with an easy and safe set-up.

Infusion does not require contrast to evaluate flow due to minimally embolic properties and takes less than five minutes.

Minimal opportunities for residual and no concern over stasis or reflux.

Defining Precise Dosing and Why It Matters

So when we can really do precise dosing and a personalized dose to a specific patient, that means that we can target a very small amount of normal liver tissue. Explain the importance of precise dosing.

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The client of Zhong’an Online and Zhong’an News has opened up the territory of China. The Yangtze River Delta in the east is the region with the most active economic development, the highest degree of openness and the strongest innovation ability in China. Since the regional integration of the Yangtze River Delta has become a national strategy, Anhui has accumulated the internal strength of innovation in this hot land, unleashed the strong momentum of industry, and strove to stir up a surging wave of development in the scientific and technological innovation of the Yangtze River Delta integration.
Mechanism: “Take the lead” to overcome technical problems
Innovation is independent of origin, and heroes are independent of origin.
In 2021, our province will explore the mechanism of “unveiling the title and taking the lead” for the first time, spread hero posts at home and abroad, and sincerely invite talents from all walks of life to come to Anhui to take the lead and tackle the technical problem of “sticking the neck”.
“Let whoever can do it” is an important principle in the mechanism of “unveiling the list and taking the lead”. By selecting leaders and vanguards, focusing on the key areas of Anhui Province, we will work together to break through the key common technical bottlenecks, strengthen a number of advantageous enterprises, cultivate a number of advantageous products, and improve the modernization level of the industrial chain.
“We organized and implemented 9 provincial major projects in the way of ‘unveiling the list and taking the lead’, including 3 cooperation projects between our province and the Yangtze River Delta.” According to the relevant person in charge of the Planning Office of the Provincial Science and Technology Department, through the “unveiling and leading” mechanism, the barriers between “technology” and “market” can be broken through, which is more conducive to using sufficient resources, selecting the best among the best, improving the transformation efficiency of scientific research achievements, and stimulating the innovation vitality of the Yangtze River Delta region.
On the road of innovation,  Sinosteel Maanshan Institute of Mining Research, together with Hehai University and China University of Science and Technology, achieved seamless connection between technology “supply and demand”, became a solid partner, undertook the project of “Research and Development of Key Technologies for High Softening Point Hollow Glass Beads for Spacecraft Thermal Protection System”, made efforts to improve the key preparation technologies for industrialization of high-performance hollow glass beads, and realized the localization of high softening point hollow glass beads for spacecraft thermal protection system, Go to the “sea of stars” of scientific and technological innovation.

[Source: China Security Online